aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/src/platforms/native/cdcacm.c
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorGareth McMullin2012-06-10 16:40:07 +1200
committerGareth McMullin2012-06-10 16:40:07 +1200
commit8d190cdbb9c4e4377d0c33424e453c5ac166eed8 (patch)
treea8f51180449560e19de7f823e773810c8fde6c7e /src/platforms/native/cdcacm.c
parentc82527056147beb170b93ffea2e668eb03022017 (diff)
Renamed platforms to 'native' and 'libftdi' and moved into 'platforms' dir.
Diffstat (limited to 'src/platforms/native/cdcacm.c')
-rw-r--r--src/platforms/native/cdcacm.c581
1 files changed, 581 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/platforms/native/cdcacm.c b/src/platforms/native/cdcacm.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebdef18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/platforms/native/cdcacm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,581 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the Black Magic Debug project.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Black Sphere Technologies Ltd.
+ * Written by Gareth McMullin <gareth@blacksphere.co.nz>
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/* This file implements a the USB Communications Device Class - Abstract
+ * Control Model (CDC-ACM) as defined in CDC PSTN subclass 1.2.
+ * A Device Firmware Upgrade (DFU 1.1) class interface is provided for
+ * field firmware upgrade.
+ *
+ * The device's unique id is used as the USB serial number string.
+ */
+
+#include <libopencm3/stm32/f1/rcc.h>
+#include <libopencm3/stm32/nvic.h>
+#include <libopencm3/stm32/exti.h>
+#include <libopencm3/stm32/f1/gpio.h>
+#include <libopencm3/usb/usbd.h>
+#include <libopencm3/usb/cdc.h>
+#include <libopencm3/stm32/f1/scb.h>
+#include <libopencm3/usb/dfu.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "platform.h"
+#include "traceswo.h"
+#include "usbuart.h"
+
+#define DFU_IF_NO 4
+
+static char *get_dev_unique_id(char *serial_no);
+
+static int configured;
+static int cdcacm_gdb_dtr = 1;
+
+static const struct usb_device_descriptor dev = {
+ .bLength = USB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_DEVICE,
+ .bcdUSB = 0x0200,
+ .bDeviceClass = 0xEF, /* Miscellaneous Device */
+ .bDeviceSubClass = 2, /* Common Class */
+ .bDeviceProtocol = 1, /* Interface Association */
+ .bMaxPacketSize0 = 64,
+ .idVendor = 0x1D50,
+ .idProduct = 0x6018,
+ .bcdDevice = 0x0100,
+ .iManufacturer = 1,
+ .iProduct = 2,
+ .iSerialNumber = 3,
+ .bNumConfigurations = 1,
+};
+
+/* This notification endpoint isn't implemented. According to CDC spec its
+ * optional, but its absence causes a NULL pointer dereference in Linux cdc_acm
+ * driver. */
+static const struct usb_endpoint_descriptor gdb_comm_endp[] = {{
+ .bLength = USB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+ .bEndpointAddress = 0x82,
+ .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_ATTR_INTERRUPT,
+ .wMaxPacketSize = 16,
+ .bInterval = 255,
+}};
+
+static const struct usb_endpoint_descriptor gdb_data_endp[] = {{
+ .bLength = USB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+ .bEndpointAddress = 0x01,
+ .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_ATTR_BULK,
+ .wMaxPacketSize = CDCACM_PACKET_SIZE,
+ .bInterval = 1,
+}, {
+ .bLength = USB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+ .bEndpointAddress = 0x81,
+ .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_ATTR_BULK,
+ .wMaxPacketSize = CDCACM_PACKET_SIZE,
+ .bInterval = 1,
+}};
+
+static const struct {
+ struct usb_cdc_header_descriptor header;
+ struct usb_cdc_call_management_descriptor call_mgmt;
+ struct usb_cdc_acm_descriptor acm;
+ struct usb_cdc_union_descriptor cdc_union;
+} __attribute__((packed)) gdb_cdcacm_functional_descriptors = {
+ .header = {
+ .bFunctionLength = sizeof(struct usb_cdc_header_descriptor),
+ .bDescriptorType = CS_INTERFACE,
+ .bDescriptorSubtype = USB_CDC_TYPE_HEADER,
+ .bcdCDC = 0x0110,
+ },
+ .call_mgmt = {
+ .bFunctionLength =
+ sizeof(struct usb_cdc_call_management_descriptor),
+ .bDescriptorType = CS_INTERFACE,
+ .bDescriptorSubtype = USB_CDC_TYPE_CALL_MANAGEMENT,
+ .bmCapabilities = 0,
+ .bDataInterface = 1,
+ },
+ .acm = {
+ .bFunctionLength = sizeof(struct usb_cdc_acm_descriptor),
+ .bDescriptorType = CS_INTERFACE,
+ .bDescriptorSubtype = USB_CDC_TYPE_ACM,
+ .bmCapabilities = 2, /* SET_LINE_CODING supported */
+ },
+ .cdc_union = {
+ .bFunctionLength = sizeof(struct usb_cdc_union_descriptor),
+ .bDescriptorType = CS_INTERFACE,
+ .bDescriptorSubtype = USB_CDC_TYPE_UNION,
+ .bControlInterface = 0,
+ .bSubordinateInterface0 = 1,
+ }
+};
+
+static const struct usb_interface_descriptor gdb_comm_iface[] = {{
+ .bLength = USB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE,
+ .bInterfaceNumber = 0,
+ .bAlternateSetting = 0,
+ .bNumEndpoints = 1,
+ .bInterfaceClass = USB_CLASS_CDC,
+ .bInterfaceSubClass = USB_CDC_SUBCLASS_ACM,
+ .bInterfaceProtocol = USB_CDC_PROTOCOL_AT,
+ .iInterface = 4,
+
+ .endpoint = gdb_comm_endp,
+
+ .extra = &gdb_cdcacm_functional_descriptors,
+ .extralen = sizeof(gdb_cdcacm_functional_descriptors)
+}};
+
+static const struct usb_interface_descriptor gdb_data_iface[] = {{
+ .bLength = USB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE,
+ .bInterfaceNumber = 1,
+ .bAlternateSetting = 0,
+ .bNumEndpoints = 2,
+ .bInterfaceClass = USB_CLASS_DATA,
+ .bInterfaceSubClass = 0,
+ .bInterfaceProtocol = 0,
+ .iInterface = 0,
+
+ .endpoint = gdb_data_endp,
+}};
+
+static const struct usb_iface_assoc_descriptor gdb_assoc = {
+ .bLength = USB_DT_INTERFACE_ASSOCIATION_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE_ASSOCIATION,
+ .bFirstInterface = 0,
+ .bInterfaceCount = 2,
+ .bFunctionClass = USB_CLASS_CDC,
+ .bFunctionSubClass = USB_CDC_SUBCLASS_ACM,
+ .bFunctionProtocol = USB_CDC_PROTOCOL_AT,
+ .iFunction = 0,
+};
+
+/* Serial ACM interface */
+static const struct usb_endpoint_descriptor uart_comm_endp[] = {{
+ .bLength = USB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+ .bEndpointAddress = 0x84,
+ .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_ATTR_INTERRUPT,
+ .wMaxPacketSize = 16,
+ .bInterval = 255,
+}};
+
+static const struct usb_endpoint_descriptor uart_data_endp[] = {{
+ .bLength = USB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+ .bEndpointAddress = 0x03,
+ .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_ATTR_BULK,
+ .wMaxPacketSize = CDCACM_PACKET_SIZE,
+ .bInterval = 1,
+}, {
+ .bLength = USB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+ .bEndpointAddress = 0x83,
+ .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_ATTR_BULK,
+ .wMaxPacketSize = CDCACM_PACKET_SIZE,
+ .bInterval = 1,
+}};
+
+static const struct {
+ struct usb_cdc_header_descriptor header;
+ struct usb_cdc_call_management_descriptor call_mgmt;
+ struct usb_cdc_acm_descriptor acm;
+ struct usb_cdc_union_descriptor cdc_union;
+} __attribute__((packed)) uart_cdcacm_functional_descriptors = {
+ .header = {
+ .bFunctionLength = sizeof(struct usb_cdc_header_descriptor),
+ .bDescriptorType = CS_INTERFACE,
+ .bDescriptorSubtype = USB_CDC_TYPE_HEADER,
+ .bcdCDC = 0x0110,
+ },
+ .call_mgmt = {
+ .bFunctionLength =
+ sizeof(struct usb_cdc_call_management_descriptor),
+ .bDescriptorType = CS_INTERFACE,
+ .bDescriptorSubtype = USB_CDC_TYPE_CALL_MANAGEMENT,
+ .bmCapabilities = 0,
+ .bDataInterface = 3,
+ },
+ .acm = {
+ .bFunctionLength = sizeof(struct usb_cdc_acm_descriptor),
+ .bDescriptorType = CS_INTERFACE,
+ .bDescriptorSubtype = USB_CDC_TYPE_ACM,
+ .bmCapabilities = 2, /* SET_LINE_CODING supported*/
+ },
+ .cdc_union = {
+ .bFunctionLength = sizeof(struct usb_cdc_union_descriptor),
+ .bDescriptorType = CS_INTERFACE,
+ .bDescriptorSubtype = USB_CDC_TYPE_UNION,
+ .bControlInterface = 2,
+ .bSubordinateInterface0 = 3,
+ }
+};
+
+static const struct usb_interface_descriptor uart_comm_iface[] = {{
+ .bLength = USB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE,
+ .bInterfaceNumber = 2,
+ .bAlternateSetting = 0,
+ .bNumEndpoints = 1,
+ .bInterfaceClass = USB_CLASS_CDC,
+ .bInterfaceSubClass = USB_CDC_SUBCLASS_ACM,
+ .bInterfaceProtocol = USB_CDC_PROTOCOL_AT,
+ .iInterface = 5,
+
+ .endpoint = uart_comm_endp,
+
+ .extra = &uart_cdcacm_functional_descriptors,
+ .extralen = sizeof(uart_cdcacm_functional_descriptors)
+}};
+
+static const struct usb_interface_descriptor uart_data_iface[] = {{
+ .bLength = USB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE,
+ .bInterfaceNumber = 3,
+ .bAlternateSetting = 0,
+ .bNumEndpoints = 2,
+ .bInterfaceClass = USB_CLASS_DATA,
+ .bInterfaceSubClass = 0,
+ .bInterfaceProtocol = 0,
+ .iInterface = 0,
+
+ .endpoint = uart_data_endp,
+}};
+
+static const struct usb_iface_assoc_descriptor uart_assoc = {
+ .bLength = USB_DT_INTERFACE_ASSOCIATION_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE_ASSOCIATION,
+ .bFirstInterface = 2,
+ .bInterfaceCount = 2,
+ .bFunctionClass = USB_CLASS_CDC,
+ .bFunctionSubClass = USB_CDC_SUBCLASS_ACM,
+ .bFunctionProtocol = USB_CDC_PROTOCOL_AT,
+ .iFunction = 0,
+};
+
+const struct usb_dfu_descriptor dfu_function = {
+ .bLength = sizeof(struct usb_dfu_descriptor),
+ .bDescriptorType = DFU_FUNCTIONAL,
+ .bmAttributes = USB_DFU_CAN_DOWNLOAD | USB_DFU_WILL_DETACH,
+ .wDetachTimeout = 255,
+ .wTransferSize = 1024,
+ .bcdDFUVersion = 0x011A,
+};
+
+const struct usb_interface_descriptor dfu_iface = {
+ .bLength = USB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE,
+ .bInterfaceNumber = DFU_IF_NO,
+ .bAlternateSetting = 0,
+ .bNumEndpoints = 0,
+ .bInterfaceClass = 0xFE,
+ .bInterfaceSubClass = 1,
+ .bInterfaceProtocol = 1,
+ .iInterface = 6,
+
+ .extra = &dfu_function,
+ .extralen = sizeof(dfu_function),
+};
+
+static const struct usb_iface_assoc_descriptor dfu_assoc = {
+ .bLength = USB_DT_INTERFACE_ASSOCIATION_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE_ASSOCIATION,
+ .bFirstInterface = 4,
+ .bInterfaceCount = 1,
+ .bFunctionClass = 0xFE,
+ .bFunctionSubClass = 1,
+ .bFunctionProtocol = 1,
+ .iFunction = 6,
+};
+
+static const struct usb_endpoint_descriptor trace_endp[] = {{
+ .bLength = USB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+ .bEndpointAddress = 0x85,
+ .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_ATTR_BULK,
+ .wMaxPacketSize = 64,
+ .bInterval = 0,
+}};
+
+const struct usb_interface_descriptor trace_iface = {
+ .bLength = USB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE,
+ .bInterfaceNumber = 5,
+ .bAlternateSetting = 0,
+ .bNumEndpoints = 1,
+ .bInterfaceClass = 0xFF,
+ .bInterfaceSubClass = 0xFF,
+ .bInterfaceProtocol = 0xFF,
+ .iInterface = 7,
+
+ .endpoint = trace_endp,
+};
+
+static const struct usb_iface_assoc_descriptor trace_assoc = {
+ .bLength = USB_DT_INTERFACE_ASSOCIATION_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE_ASSOCIATION,
+ .bFirstInterface = 5,
+ .bInterfaceCount = 1,
+ .bFunctionClass = 0xFF,
+ .bFunctionSubClass = 0xFF,
+ .bFunctionProtocol = 0xFF,
+ .iFunction = 7,
+};
+
+static const struct usb_interface ifaces[] = {{
+ .num_altsetting = 1,
+ .iface_assoc = &gdb_assoc,
+ .altsetting = gdb_comm_iface,
+}, {
+ .num_altsetting = 1,
+ .altsetting = gdb_data_iface,
+}, {
+ .num_altsetting = 1,
+ .iface_assoc = &uart_assoc,
+ .altsetting = uart_comm_iface,
+}, {
+ .num_altsetting = 1,
+ .altsetting = uart_data_iface,
+}, {
+ .num_altsetting = 1,
+ .iface_assoc = &dfu_assoc,
+ .altsetting = &dfu_iface,
+}, {
+ .num_altsetting = 1,
+ .iface_assoc = &trace_assoc,
+ .altsetting = &trace_iface,
+}};
+
+static const struct usb_config_descriptor config = {
+ .bLength = USB_DT_CONFIGURATION_SIZE,
+ .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_CONFIGURATION,
+ .wTotalLength = 0,
+ .bNumInterfaces = 6,
+ .bConfigurationValue = 1,
+ .iConfiguration = 0,
+ .bmAttributes = 0x80,
+ .bMaxPower = 0x32,
+
+ .interface = ifaces,
+};
+
+char serial_no[9];
+
+static const char *usb_strings[] = {
+ "x",
+ "Black Sphere Technologies",
+ "Black Magic Probe",
+ serial_no,
+ "Black Magic GDB Server",
+ "Black Magic UART Port",
+ "Black Magic Firmware Upgrade",
+ "Black Magic Trace Capture",
+};
+
+static void dfu_detach_complete(struct usb_setup_data *req)
+{
+ (void)req;
+
+ /* Disconnect USB cable */
+ gpio_set_mode(USB_PU_PORT, GPIO_MODE_INPUT, 0, USB_PU_PIN);
+
+ /* Assert boot-request pin */
+ gpio_set_mode(GPIOB, GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_2_MHZ,
+ GPIO_CNF_OUTPUT_PUSHPULL, GPIO12);
+ gpio_clear(GPIOB, GPIO12);
+
+ /* Reset core to enter bootloader */
+ scb_reset_core();
+}
+
+static int cdcacm_control_request(struct usb_setup_data *req, uint8_t **buf,
+ uint16_t *len, void (**complete)(struct usb_setup_data *req))
+{
+ (void)complete;
+ (void)buf;
+ (void)len;
+
+ switch(req->bRequest) {
+ case USB_CDC_REQ_SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE:
+ /* Ignore if not for GDB interface */
+ if(req->wIndex != 0)
+ return 1;
+
+ cdcacm_gdb_dtr = req->wValue & 1;
+
+ return 1;
+ case USB_CDC_REQ_SET_LINE_CODING:
+ if(*len < sizeof(struct usb_cdc_line_coding))
+ return 0;
+
+ switch(req->wIndex) {
+ case 2:
+ usbuart_set_line_coding((struct usb_cdc_line_coding*)*buf);
+ case 0:
+ return 1; /* Ignore on GDB Port */
+ default:
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case DFU_GETSTATUS:
+ if(req->wIndex == DFU_IF_NO) {
+ (*buf)[0] = DFU_STATUS_OK;
+ (*buf)[1] = 0;
+ (*buf)[2] = 0;
+ (*buf)[3] = 0;
+ (*buf)[4] = STATE_APP_IDLE;
+ (*buf)[5] = 0; /* iString not used here */
+ *len = 6;
+
+ return 1;
+ }
+ case DFU_DETACH:
+ if(req->wIndex == DFU_IF_NO) {
+ *complete = dfu_detach_complete;
+ return 1;
+ }
+ return 0;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int cdcacm_get_config(void)
+{
+ return configured;
+}
+
+int cdcacm_get_dtr(void)
+{
+ return cdcacm_gdb_dtr;
+}
+
+static void cdcacm_set_config(u16 wValue)
+{
+ configured = wValue;
+
+ /* GDB interface */
+ usbd_ep_setup(0x01, USB_ENDPOINT_ATTR_BULK, CDCACM_PACKET_SIZE, NULL);
+ usbd_ep_setup(0x81, USB_ENDPOINT_ATTR_BULK, CDCACM_PACKET_SIZE, NULL);
+ usbd_ep_setup(0x82, USB_ENDPOINT_ATTR_INTERRUPT, 16, NULL);
+
+ /* Serial interface */
+ usbd_ep_setup(0x03, USB_ENDPOINT_ATTR_BULK, CDCACM_PACKET_SIZE, usbuart_usb_out_cb);
+ usbd_ep_setup(0x83, USB_ENDPOINT_ATTR_BULK, CDCACM_PACKET_SIZE, usbuart_usb_in_cb);
+ usbd_ep_setup(0x84, USB_ENDPOINT_ATTR_INTERRUPT, 16, NULL);
+
+ /* Trace interface */
+ usbd_ep_setup(0x85, USB_ENDPOINT_ATTR_BULK, 64, trace_buf_drain);
+
+ usbd_register_control_callback(
+ USB_REQ_TYPE_CLASS | USB_REQ_TYPE_INTERFACE,
+ USB_REQ_TYPE_TYPE | USB_REQ_TYPE_RECIPIENT,
+ cdcacm_control_request);
+
+ /* Notify the host that DCD is asserted.
+ * Allows the use of /dev/tty* devices on *BSD/MacOS
+ */
+ char buf[10];
+ struct usb_cdc_notification *notif = (void*)buf;
+ /* We echo signals back to host as notification */
+ notif->bmRequestType = 0xA1;
+ notif->bNotification = USB_CDC_NOTIFY_SERIAL_STATE;
+ notif->wValue = 0;
+ notif->wIndex = 0;
+ notif->wLength = 2;
+ buf[8] = 3; /* DCD | DSR */
+ buf[9] = 0;
+ usbd_ep_write_packet(0x82, buf, 10);
+ notif->wIndex = 2;
+ usbd_ep_write_packet(0x84, buf, 10);
+}
+
+/* We need a special large control buffer for this device: */
+uint8_t usbd_control_buffer[256];
+
+void cdcacm_init(void)
+{
+ void exti15_10_isr(void);
+
+ get_dev_unique_id(serial_no);
+
+ usbd_init(&stm32f103_usb_driver, &dev, &config, usb_strings);
+ usbd_set_control_buffer_size(sizeof(usbd_control_buffer));
+ usbd_register_set_config_callback(cdcacm_set_config);
+
+ nvic_set_priority(NVIC_USB_LP_CAN_RX0_IRQ, IRQ_PRI_USB);
+ nvic_enable_irq(NVIC_USB_LP_CAN_RX0_IRQ);
+ nvic_set_priority(USB_VBUS_IRQ, IRQ_PRI_USB_VBUS);
+ nvic_enable_irq(USB_VBUS_IRQ);
+
+ gpio_set(USB_VBUS_PORT, USB_VBUS_PIN);
+ gpio_set(USB_PU_PORT, USB_PU_PIN);
+
+ gpio_set_mode(USB_VBUS_PORT, GPIO_MODE_INPUT,
+ GPIO_CNF_INPUT_PULL_UPDOWN, USB_VBUS_PIN);
+
+ /* Configure EXTI for USB VBUS monitor */
+ exti_select_source(USB_VBUS_PIN, USB_VBUS_PORT);
+ exti_set_trigger(USB_VBUS_PIN, EXTI_TRIGGER_BOTH);
+ exti_enable_request(USB_VBUS_PIN);
+
+ exti15_10_isr();
+}
+
+void usb_lp_can_rx0_isr(void)
+{
+ usbd_poll();
+}
+
+void exti15_10_isr(void)
+{
+ if (gpio_get(USB_VBUS_PORT, USB_VBUS_PIN)) {
+ /* Drive pull-up high if VBUS connected */
+ gpio_set_mode(USB_PU_PORT, GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_10_MHZ,
+ GPIO_CNF_OUTPUT_PUSHPULL, USB_PU_PIN);
+ } else {
+ /* Allow pull-up to float if VBUS disconnected */
+ gpio_set_mode(USB_PU_PORT, GPIO_MODE_INPUT,
+ GPIO_CNF_INPUT_FLOAT, USB_PU_PIN);
+ }
+
+ exti_reset_request(USB_VBUS_PIN);
+}
+
+static char *get_dev_unique_id(char *s)
+{
+ volatile uint32_t *unique_id_p = (volatile uint32_t *)0x1FFFF7E8;
+ uint32_t unique_id = *unique_id_p +
+ *(unique_id_p + 1) +
+ *(unique_id_p + 2);
+ int i;
+
+ /* Fetch serial number from chip's unique ID */
+ for(i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+ s[7-i] = ((unique_id >> (4*i)) & 0xF) + '0';
+ }
+ for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+ if(s[i] > '9')
+ s[i] += 'A' - '9' - 1;
+ s[8] = 0;
+
+ return s;
+}
+